Background: Detection of dermatophytes by microbiological method is sometimes problematic and some atypical microscopic or macroscopic morphology are non-detectable. Due to morphological similarity and existing intermediate forms and variants, unequivocally separating these dermatophytes is not always straightforward, and sampling appropriate isolates for research is often troublesome.The aim of this study was to compare and evaluate use of sequencing chitin synthase 1 gene (CHS1) with conventional methods for identification of dermatophytes species and we researched the genetic patterns of samples collected for general phylogenetic analysis.

Background: Thymic carcinomas (TC) are rare tumors with challenging diagnosis and management. We aimed to describe the clinical and microscopic characteristics of TC through a literature review. Results: 82 articles and abstracts were retained about 2913 TC. Our study contained 1760 men and 1153 women with a mean age of 55.32 years. The delay of diagnosis was specified in 10 cases and varied between 8 months and 2 years. Symptoms consisted mainly in chest pain and dyspnea. The Computed Tomography-scan (CT-scan) findings were specified in 63 cases. Microscopic findings were noticed in 1766 cases. They consisted mainly in squamous cell carcinoma in 1297 cases and undifferentiated carcinoma in 239 cases. The patients presented stage 1 tumors in 165 cases, stage II in 362 cases, stage III in 1011 cases and stage IV in 1166 cases. The treatment modalities were noticed in 2803 cases. There was no consensus of the regimen of chemotherapy or the place of the radiation therapy but all studies highlighted the key role of the complete surgical resection when possible.

Background: A subpopulation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PsA) exists in cysticfibrosis (CF) patients that is hypersusceptible to ticarcillin, a carboxypenicillin, in vitro (Tichs strain) defined as a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) =4µg/ml. Methods: In a retrospective cohort study, isolates of PsA from CF (23), non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis (NCFB) (17) and control (18) patients were analysed. MICs for each isolate were determined using agar dilution against six antibiotics and interpreted using EUCAST breakpoints. Prevalence of Tichs in each cohort was calculated. A point prevalence survey was conducted in CF to review the patients’ clinical progress following PsA isolation.

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is the most common and fatal autosomal recessive genetic disease in euro-descendents. It affects about 85,000 people worldwide [1]. It is characterized by multiple and systemic clinical manifestations that primarily affect exocrine sweat glands, lungs and pancreas while presenting great variability in its severity [2]. It is caused by mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator gene(CFTRgene), which encodes the cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulatory protein (CFTR), located on chromosome 7 (locus7q31), leading to the absence or loss of CFTR function which, under normal conditions, acts as a chloride channel [3].

The authors describe a case of syringomyelia associated with Chiari malformation Type I in a patient who was referred to a respiratory service with features of obstructive sleep apnoea. The patient exhibited clinical features of scoliosis, hoarseness, sensory and motor neurological deficit and vertical upbeat jerk nystagmus. The authors review the various factors in the pathogenesis of this unusual constellation of symptoms, signs and radiological findings